1. Preschool Language Scales Manual Appendix 2
2. Preschool Language Scales Manual Appendix

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) is an intelligence test designed for children ages 2 years 6 months to 7 years 7 months developed by David Wechsler in 1967. It is a descendant of the earlier Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children tests. Since its original publication the WPPSI has been revised three times in 1989, 2002, (followed by the UK version in 2003) and 2012. The current version, WPPSI–IV, published by Pearson Education, is a revision of the WPPSI-R (Wechsler, 1989) and the WPPSI-III (Wechsler, 2002). It provides subtest and composite scores that represent intellectual functioning in verbal and performance cognitive domains, as well as providing a composite score that represents a child’s general intellectual ability (i.e., Full Scale IQ).

History[edit]

The original WPPSI (Wechsler, 1967) was developed as an intelligence measure for 4-6:6yr olds in response to an increasing need for the assessment of preschoolers. The WPPSI was divided into eleven subtests, all of which were retained in the revision in 1989. The WPPSI-R expanded the age range to 3–7 years 3 months and introduced a new subtest, Object Assembly. WPPSI-III incorporates a number of significant changes. Additional subtests have been designed to enhance the measurement of Fluid Reasoning (see Carroll, 1997) these are; Matrix Reasoning, Picture Concepts and Word Reasoning. Measures of Processing Speed have also been taken from the WISC-III, adapted for use with younger children and included as new subtests (Coding & Symbol Search). The age range has been lowered to 2 years 6 months, and has also been divided into two bands: 2 years 6 months - 3 years 11 months and 4–7 years 3 months, this was done in recognition of the substantial changes in cognitive development that occur during early childhood. The WPPSI-IV added the new Working Memory subtests of Picture Memory and Bug Search and the new Processing Speed subtests of Bug Search, Animal Coding, and Cancellation. It also simplified and shortened instructions.

Test Format[edit]

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence consist of 14 subtests. They are designated as one of three types: core, supplemental, or optional. The core subtests are required for the computation of the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ. The supplemental subtests provide additional information about cognitive abilities or can be used as replacement for inappropriate subtests. The optional subtests provide additional information about cognitive functioning but cannot be used as replacements for core subtests.

• Block Design - while viewing a constructed model or a picture in a stimulus book, the child uses one- or two-color blocks to re-create the design within a specified time limit.
• Information - for Picture Items, the child responds to a question by choosing a picture from four response options. For Verbal Items, the child answers questions that address a broad range of general knowledge topics.
• Matrix Reasoning - the child looks at an incomplete matrix and selects the missing portion from 4 or 5 response options.
• Bug Search - the child uses an ink dauber to mark the image of a bug in the search group that matches the target bug.
• Picture Memory - the child is presented with a stimulus page of one or more pictures for a specific time and then selects the picture from options on a response page.
• Similarities - the child is read an incomplete sentence containing two concepts that share a common characteristic. The child is asked to complete the sentence by providing a response that reflects the shared characteristic.
• Picture Concepts - the child is presented with two or three rows of pictures and chooses one picture from each row to form a group with a common characteristic.
• Cancellation - the child scans two arrangements of objects and marks target objects.
• Zoo Locations - the child views one or more animal cards placed on a zoo layout and then places each card in the previously displayed locations.
• Object Assembly - the child is presented with the pieces of a puzzle in a standard arrangement and fits the pieces together to form a meaningful whole within 90 seconds.
• Vocabulary - for Picture Items, the child names pictures that are displayed in a stimulus book. For Verbal Items, the child gives definitions for words that the examiner reads aloud.
• Animal Coding - the child marks shapes that correspond to pictured animals.
• Comprehension - the child answers questions based on his or her understanding of general principles and social situations.
• Receptive Vocabulary - the child looks at a group of four pictures and points to the one the examiner names aloud.
• Picture Naming - the child names pictures that are displayed in a stimulus book.

Teaching English as a Foreign Language Department, Ajman University of Science and Technology. The effect of the learning engagement manual on the scale. Classroom Assessment Peter W. Airasian download Z-Library. Download books for free. Preschool Language Scale Age Equivalent Chart. Scores to percentile ranks and other, appendix d tests of general development. Los resultados la prueba tambin incluye un manual de, preschool language scale 4 pls 4 the preschool language scale 4 pls 4 is a standardized. Download basic training manual library automation management Kindle manual on k.arkhip-9.site.

The WPPSI–IV provides Verbal and Performance IQ scores as well as a Full Scale IQ score. In addition, the Processing Speed Quotient (known as the Processing Speed Index on previous Wechsler scales) can be derived for children aged 4 – 7 years 3 months, and a General Language Composite can be determined for children in both age bands (2 years 6 months – 3 years 11 months & 4–7 years 3 months). Children in the 2 years 6 months – 3 years 11 months age band are administered only five of the subtests: Receptive Vocabulary, Block Design, Information, Object Assembly, and Picture Naming.

Quotient and Composite scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Subtest scaled scores have a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. For Quotient and Composite score:

This is true for most Wechsler Scales with the exception of the WIAT-III.

Uses[edit]

The WPPSI can be used in several ways, for example:

• As an assessment of general intellectual functioning.
• As part of an assessment to identify intellectual giftedness.
• To identify cognitive delay and learning difficulties.

The clinical utility of the WPPSI-III can be improved and a richer picture of general function achieved when combined with other assessments. For example, when paired with the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS: Cohen, 1997) a measure of learning and memory functioning in children or the WIAT-II a measure of academic achievement, information can be gained on both cognitive ability and academic achievement in young children. Combinations such as these would potentially be of use in educational settings and inform educational interventions. A further potentially useful pairing includes the used of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS; Harrison & Oakland, 2003); this pairing can result in information on cognitive and adaptive functioning, both of which are required for a proper diagnosis of learning difficulties. The Wechsler tests can also been used to identify intellectual giftedness, and are commonly accepted as qualifying evidence for high-IQ societies, such as Intertel and Mensa.^[1][2]

However, it is important to consider and recognise the limitations of using assessments. Some studies show that intelligence tests such as the WPPSI-III, especially for pre-K level, are unreliable and their results vary widely with various factors such as retesting, practice (familiarization), test administrator, time and place.^[3] There are claims that some commercially available materials improve results simply by eliminating negative factors through familiarization which in turn puts children at a comfortable frame of mind.^[4]

Psychometric Properties[edit]

The US standardisation of the WPPSI-III included 1,700 children aged 2 years 6 months – 7 years 3 months. The reliability coefficients for the WPPSI-III US composite scales range from .89 to .95. The UK sample for the WPPSI-III was collected between 2002–2003 and contained 805 children in an attempt to accurately represent the most current UK population of children aged 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months according to the 2001 UK census data. The UK validation project was conducted at City University under the direction of Professor John Rust.

The WPPSI-III has been formally linked with the WIAT-II. (The Psychological Corporation, 2001). The relationship between the WPPSI-III and the WPPSI-R, WISC-III, BSID-II, DAS, WIAT-II and CMS was also explored in order to evaluate the assessment’s reliability. A number of special group studies were also carried out during standardisation in order to improve the clinical utility of the tool. These studies included children with intellectual disability, developmental delay, language disorders, motor impairment, ADHD and those classed as gifted.

Translations[edit]

The WPPSI-III has been translated and adapted for use with different populations including Spanish, French (and French Canadian), German, Italian, Swedish, Korean, Taiwanese (Chinese version), Japanese, Canadian, Australian, Dutch, Norwegian and Hebrew.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• The Psychological Corporation. (2001). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test – Second edition. San Antonio, TX: Author.
• Cohen, M. J. (1997). Children’s Memory Scale. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
• Harrison, P. L., & Oakland, T. (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
• Wechsler, D. (1989). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
• Wechsler, D. (1967). Manual for the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
• Carroll, J.B. (1997). The three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In D.P. Flanagan, J.L. Genshaft, & P.L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 122–130). New York : The Guilford Press.
• Gregory, R.J. (2007). Testing special populations: Infant and preschool assessment. Psychological Testing. Pearson Education, Inc.

Footnotes[edit]

1. ^'Intertel - Join us'. www.intertel-iq.org. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
2. ^'Qualifying test scores'. American Mensa. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
3. ^Marks, Andrew (November 20, 2005). 'Cracking the Kindergarten Code'. New York Magazine.
4. ^See www.wppsi.com^{[dead link]}.

Interactive assessment of developmental language skills

Administration Format:

Pointing or verbal response

Scoring Options:

Hand-scoring

Scores / Interpretation:

• Total language

• auditory comprehension

• expressive communication

• standard scores

• growth scores

• percentile ranks

• and language age equivalents

B

content_dam_ani_clinicalassessments_ca_programs_symbols_en-CAavailablefrench.gif

PLS–5 offers you a comprehensive developmental language assessment, with items that range from pre-verbal, interaction-based skills to emerging language to early literacy!

This interactive, play-based assessment provides comprehensive, reliable, and trusted information about language skills for children who are at high risk for moderate-to-severe language delays.

Uses & Applications

• Administer PLS–5 to test a full range of language skills across the developmental language spectrum
• Link the Home Communication Questionnaire items directly to test tasks to serve as a baseline for testing. This frees testing time for observing natural interactions between parents and children from Birth–2:0.
• Streamlined administration with similar items grouped for smoother transitions across test items
• Assess preschoolers with new items assessing letter naming, book handling, and Theory of Mind
• Evaluate early school language and literacy skills, with tasks such as storytelling, and phonological awareness
• Now available for children through age 7 to address the needs of children with severe, persistent deficits such as children with autism

Features & Benefits

• Track progress using Growth Scores to monitor a child's skills from Birth through age 7:11
• Target multiple phonemes within words using the brief Articulation Screener, which now includes picture stimuli
• Expanded coverage of early play behaviours, concepts, Theory of Mind, and emergent literacy skills
• Manipulatives and a Picture Manual with large, colourful pictures that children love!
• Updated Articulation Screener with picture stimuli

TEST KITS

• PLS–5: Complete Manipulatives Kit

  015-8659-899

  $237.30

  Includes plastic bear, comb, 8 crayons, 2 books, pitcher, cloth, 2 rattles, ball, 3 plastic bowls, 3 cups, 3 spoons, squeaky toy, 4 cars, 2 wind up toys, box with lid

• PLS–5: Complete Kit with Manipulatives

  015-8659-880

  $614.50

  Includes Examiner's Manual, Technical Manual, Picture Manual, 15 Record Forms, 25 Home Communication Questionnaires, and Complete Manipulatives Kit

• PLS–5: Basic Kit without Manipulatives

  015-8658-906

  $524.55

  Includes Examiner's Manual, Technical Manual, Picture Manual, 25 Home Communication Questionnaires, and 15 Record Forms

Q-GLOBAL™ ONLINE SCORING AND REPORTING*

• PLS-5 Q-global Administration and Scoring Manual (Digital)

  A103000232008

  $197.10

  (Digital edition accessible on Q-global - not available for download)

• PLS-5 Q-global Picture Manual (Digital)

  A103000232006

  $298.55

  (Digital edition accessible on Q-global - not available for download)

• PLS-5 Q-global Home Communication Questionnaire for Ages 0-35 Months (Digital)

  A103000232007

  $48.20

  (Digital edition accessible on Q-global - not available for download)

• PLS-5 Q-global Examiner's Manual (Digital)

  A103000232009

  $103.80

  (Digital edition accessible on Q-global - not available for download)

ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATION MATERIALS

• PLS–5: Home Communication Questionnaire

  015-8659-287

  $16.15

  Pkg of 25

• PLS–5: Record Forms

  015-8658-965

  $109.45

  Pkg of 15

• PLS™-5 Administration and Scoring Manual

  0158658957

  $197.10

• PLS™-5 Picture Manual

  0158658949

  $298.55

• PLS™-5 Examiner's Manual

  0158658930

  $103.80

• PLS-5: Record Forms

  0158658973

  $298.55

  Pkg of 50

Upcoming Live Webinars:

PLS-5 and CELF Preschool-3: Selecting the Appropriate Test for a Young Child

Presenters: Patricia Ybarra and Nancy Castilleja

At this session, participants will provide information that will enable participants to describe the differences between CELF Preschool-3 and PLS-5 and explain how clinicians can select the test that provides useful information about a child’s language skills. Using case studies, the presenter will describe differences in the type of data provided on each test and explain how differences in the format and content of the tests can contribute to score differences.

Register:

Speak to a Pearson Assessment Consultant

To provide you with the best possible service and to support your assessment strategy, we have aligned our qualified and knowledgeable Assessment Consultants to meet your needs in your professional area of practice.

»Contact a member of our Assessment Consultant Team

Order Help

Get instructions and help on ordering from our product catalogue.

P: 1-866-335-8418

Preschool Language Scales Manual Appendix 2

F: 1-800-665-7307

Preschool Language Scales Manual Appendix

E: cs.canada@pearson.com